Important Question for Diploma: Estimating and Costing

Hello Students, In this post I provide you most important questions for your semester examination. Read this full article, note down these questions, and prepare yourself. I am sure it will be extremely useful for 100% success in your exam.

Subject Name Estimating and Costing

Branch & Semester Civil Engineering

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Estimating and Costing Important Questions

Question Review & Important Questions

Q. 01
Unit measurements in estimating & costing?

Answer 1 (By Er. Md Shahanwaz)

For Download Unit Measurement Chart:
Click here to Download PDF
Important Unit: 1 m³ = 35.3 cft = 10.76 sft
Q. 02
Define estimate? Types and also definition.

Answer 2

Estimate: This subject deals with quantity of different particulars of items and afterward its costing for any civil engineering work like building, bridge, culvert, dam, retaining walls, etc.

There are two primary types of estimates:

1. Rough Estimate: This estimate is based upon the study of the cost of buildings built in the past and experience estimates. It gives the approximate cost of a building. The actual cost may be somewhat less or more.

2. Detailed Estimate: It is an exact estimate. We start any construction work in any town after getting the detailed estimate fully passed by the local town authority.
Q. 03
What is revised estimate? Why is it prepared?

Answer 3

Revised Estimate: When the labor and material cost increases by more than 5% of the rate mentioned in the original estimate, we have to prepare a new estimate according to the present time and present rates. Such type of estimate is known as a revised estimate. It is prepared to update the budget of the estimate so you get an exact financial overview.
Q. 04
Methods of quantity estimate?
Answer 4

There are two methods of quantity estimate for any building:

1. Long Wall & Short Wall Method: In this method, for the long wall we take length out-to-out, and for the short wall we take length in-to-in. This method takes more time but can be used for estimating any type of structure or building.

2. Centre Line Method: It is a shortcut method. If we move on the center line and make a closed loop, it gives the correct length for any item of work in estimates.

Note: Center line does not change at any stage.

Steps followed during estimating methods:
- Find center line
- Supervision of items of estimates
- Sum of center line of wall or structure
- Find junctions to deduct or add quantities
- Calculate each and every item in estimates
Q. 05
Find out the quantities of given item of work from a building as per figure:
Answer 5
- A. Excavation of earthwork
- B. Cement concrete in foundation
- C. First class brick work
- D. Brick work in foundation
- E. R.C.C. work in roof
It is made based on your demand, comment below or share for more solutions!
Q. 06
Purpose of estimating and costing.
Answer 6
- To ensure that the list of materials is completed before starting work so that chances of shortage of materials are reduced.
- To ensure there is no misuse of money and materials.
- To ensure work is completed on time.
- To know all material quantities and costs in advance.
Q. 07
What is rate analysis? Why is it needed?

Answer 7

Rate Analysis: It is defined in terms of amount in rupees in order to construct a particular item in any estimate of a structure under consideration.

Rate analysis of civil works or building works is the determination of the cost of each construction work per unit quantity. This cost includes the cost of materials, labors, machinery, contractor's profit, and other miscellaneous petty expenses required for the particular work to be completed.
Q. 08
Earthwork in proposed: Roadway & Railway

Answer 8

Earthwork is the process of moving earth from those areas that are too high, with respect to the road grades, to those areas that are too low, and is a crucial aspect of overall construction.

The purpose and scope of earthwork operations are to improve load-bearing capacity, control shrinkage and swelling, and reduce or improve permeability when proper construction procedures are applied economically.
Q. 09
Numerical problem on proposed earthwork?

Answer 9

Published soon in separate video tutorials covering numerical problems based on earthwork in proposed roadways & railways.
Q. 10
Type of bars in R.C.C. structure? And its used?
Answer 10

Types of bars in R.C.C. structure:

1. Main Bar:
- a. Main straight bar (x no.)
- b. Main cranked bar (x-1 no.)
2. Anchor bar

3. Vertical stirrups

Bar Bending Schedule: It is a table which shows all the details of steel reinforcement in any RCC structure. It also gives the total quantity of steel required to construct the RCC structure.

In RCC structures, TMT Bars are commonly used for superior tensile strength. The ribs on TMT bars provide superior bonding in cement concrete.